POWEFUL BRAIN

 CENTRAL NEURAL SYSTEM

The brain is the central information processing organ of our body, and acts as the command and control system. 

• It controls the voluntary movement,  balance of the body, Function of vial involuntary organs like lungs,  heart,   kidney, etc.., 

• It also controls Thermoregulation, Hunger and thirst, circadian (24 - hour) rhythms of our body,  activity of several endocrine glands and several behaviors .

• It is also the site for processing  of vision, hearing,  speech, memory,  intelligence, emotion and thoughts. 

Protection for human brain

The human brain is well Protected by the skull,  the brain is covers by cranial meninges

• Outer layer is called the  dura mater.

• A very thin middle layer called arachnoid. 

• And an inner layer ( Which is in contact with the brain tissue)  Called pia mater. 

The brain can be divided into

three major parts:

1. Forebrain

2. Midbrain

3. Hindbrain

Forebrain

The direction consist of -

• cerebrum, 

• thalamus 

• and hypothalamus

Cerebrum - cerebrum  forms the major part of the human brain.A deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinal into two halves. Which Are termed as the left and right central hemisphere.

• The hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fiber called corpus callosum. The layer of cells which cover the cerebral hemisphere is called cerebral cortex and is thrown prominent folds

• The cerebral cortex is referred to as the grey matter due to its greyish appearance. The neuron cell body are concentrated here giving the color 

• The cerebral cortex contains motor areas, sensory areas and large regions that are neither clearly sensory nor motor in function. These regions called association areas are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication. 

• fibers of the tracts are covered with the myelin sheath. Which constitute the inner part of the cerebral hemisphere. They give an opaque white appearance of the layer and hence., is called the white matter

• The cerebrum wraps around a structure called thalamus. Which is a major coordinating center for sensory and motor signaling. 

• Another Very important part of the brain called hypothalamus lies at the base of the thalamus 

• The hypothalamus contains a number of centers which control body temperature, urge for eating,  and drinking. 

• It also contains several groups  of neurosecretory cells,  which secrete hormones called hypothalamic hormones. 

• The inner part of the cerebral hemisphere and a group of associated deep structures like the amygdala, hippocampus, etc.. Form complex structures called the limbic lobe or limbic system. 

• It is involve d in the regulation of sexual behavior, expression of emotional reaction e.g., Excitement, pleasure, rage and fear and motivation. 

Midbrain

• The mountain is located between the thalamus/hypothalamus of the direction and pins of the condition. A canal called cerevbral aqueduct passed through the midbraun. 

• The dorsal portion of the mountain consists mainly of four round swelling (lobes) called corpora quadrigemina. Mountain and hindbrain firm the brain stem. 

Hindbrain

• The hind brain comprises pons, cerebellum and medulla( Also called the medulla oblongata). 

• Pons consist of fiber tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain. 

• Cerebellum has a very convoluted surface in order to provide the additional space for many more neurons. 

• The medulla of the brain is connected to the spinal cord.

• The medulla contains centers which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions. 

Thank you everyone